Notes on Sources and Bibliography

MTG is not a typical topic of historical exploration, and it’s relatively young age both harms and helps the field of MTG scholarship. Many sources used in this research are crowd-sourced or from smaller journalism sites. As there is very little scholarship on the history of MTG, which is both thorough, and ironically, not already out of date, these crowd-sourced, often fan-created sites may contain some inaccuracies. However, I have attempted to check that at least two sources confirm the same information, especially related to the dates and timeline of events of the creation of the CCG craze. Due to limitations preventing the formating of footnotes in Omeka, this project using MLA, though my preferred method is Chicago. In addition, all MTG cards are from my own collection and hand-digitized by myself. While the physical cards belong to myself, the art and intellectual property of the cards belongs to Wizards of the Coast LLC.

Software and programs used in this project include: Tropy, CSV Export Plugin for Tropy, Visual Studio Code, CSV Import Plugin for Omeka, Omeka Classic, and Omeka Classic Exhibit Builder. Auxiliary programs include Google Drive Suit (Docs and Sheets), as well as Zotero for citation management.

Works Cited:

(Please Note to the Similarity of Titles, Some Works have had their in-line citations altered to include more text, or more specific text from their bibliographic citations for clairity, though it is not a perfect solution.)

“After Nearly 30 Years, the Game Magic: The Gathering Is Bigger than Ever. The Best Players May Also Be Teaching Us about Heroism.” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine/2020/07/29/after-nearly-30-years-game-magic-gathering-is-bigger-than-ever-best-players-may-also-be-teaching-us-about-heroism/. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.

“Collectible Card Games - How This Old Concept Still Shapes The Gaming World.” Mynewsdesk, https://www.mynewsdesk.com/ultiarena-technologies/blog_posts/collectible-card-games-how-this-old-concept-still-shapes-the-gaming-world-103907. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

“Digital Museums For Digital History.” Smashing Magazine, https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2022/06/digital-museums-digital-history/.

“Get Your Geek On! How Museums Can Host Mission-Driven Community Conventions.” American Alliance of Museums, 16 Sept. 2022, https://www.aam-us.org/2022/09/16/get-your-geek-on-how-museums-can-host-mission-driven-community-conventions/.

Groot, Jerome de. Consuming History: Historians and Heritage in Contemporary Popular Culture. 2nd ed., Routledge, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315640754.

Hall, Charlie. “Magic: The Gathering Black Lotus Card Sells for $511,100 at Auction.” Polygon, 27 Jan. 2021, https://www.polygon.com/2021/1/27/22253079/magic-the-gathering-black-lotus-auction-price-2021.

---. “Racist Magic: The Gathering Cards Banned, Removed from Database by Publisher.” Polygon, 10 June 2020, https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/10/21287154/racist-magic-the-gathering-cards-banned-removed-from-database-wizards-apology.

“Konami Digital Entertainment, Inc. to Take Control of the Yu-Gi-Oh! TRADING CARD GAMETM.” Anime News Network, https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2008-12-11/konami-digital-entertainment-inc-to-take-control-of-the-yu-gi-oh-trading-card-game. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

Librarian, Channelfireball. “How to Organize & Store Your Magic Collection (Best Method).” ChannelFireball - Magic: The Gathering Strategy, Singles, Cards, Decks, 31 Jan. 2022, https://strategy.channelfireball.com/all-strategy/channelfireball-library/how-to-organize-store-your-magic-collection-best-method/.

Magazine, Smithsonian, and Jennifer Nalewicki. “The World’s First Entirely Virtual Art Museum Is Open for Visitors.” Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/worlds-first-entirely-virtual-art-museum-is-open-for-visitors-180975759/. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

“Magic: The Gathering.” The Strong National Museum of Play, https://www.museumofplay.org/toys/magic-the-gathering/. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

“Magic: The Gathering and Keyforge Creator Richard Garfield on 35 Years of Making the Games He Wants to Play.” Dicebreaker, 17 Mar. 2020, https://www.dicebreaker.com/topics/richard-garfield/feature/richard-garfield-interview-making-games.

“Magic: The Gathering Archives.” Norman Rockwell Museum, https://www.nrm.org/tag/magic-the-gathering/. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

“‘Magic: The Gathering’ Cards Depict ‘Art Over Time’ in MoPOP’s ‘Fantasy: Worlds of Myth and Magic’ Exhibition.” Museum of Pop Culture, https://www.mopop.org/about-mopop/the-mopop-blog/posts/2021/july/magic-the-gathering-cards-depict-art-over-time-in-mopops-fantasy-worlds-of-myth-and-magic-exhibition/. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

MTG Collection Builder - Analyze Your Magic Collection, Grow It, and Find out How Much Your Cards Are Worth! https://mtgcollectionbuilder.com/. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

“Pokémon Trading Card Game.” Pokémon Wiki, https://pokemon.fandom.com/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Trading_Card_Game. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

ProxyKing. “Richard Garfield Biography | The Father of MTG.” Proxy King, 2 Aug. 2022, https://proxyking.biz/richard-garfield-biography-the-father-of-mtg/.

Racist Magic: The Gathering Cards Banned, Removed from Database by Publisher - Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/10/21287154/racist-magic-the-gathering-cards-banned-removed-from-database-wizards-apology. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

Simmons, John E. Museums: A History. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.

Taylor, Kate. “Can Collectors Have Their Art And Lend It, Too?” NPR, 18 Jan. 2010. NPR, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122619567.

“The Creation of Magic: The Gathering.” MAGIC: THE GATHERING, https://magic.wizards.com/en/news/making-magic/creation-magic-gathering-2013-03-12. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

“The History of Collectible Trading Cards.” Collectibles Insurance Services, 9 July 2021, https://collectinsure.com/2021/07/09/the-history-of-collectible-trading-cards/.

“Wizards of the Coast.” MTG Wiki, https://mtg.fandom.com/wiki/Wizards_of_the_Coast. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

Perplexing Chimera – 4 (colorless) 1 (blue)

Enchantment Creature – Chimera (Born of the Gods)

Whenever an opponent casts a spell, you may exchange control of Perplexing Chimera and that spell. If you do, you may choose new targets for the spell. (If the spell becomes a permanent, you control that permanent.)

Tyler Jacobson

(TM) & (copyright) 2014 Wizards of the Coast 48/165

Pacifism – 1 (colorless) 1 (white)

Enchantment – Aura – (core 2013)

Enchant creature

Enchanted creature can’t attack or block.

“For the first time in his life, Grakk felt a little warm and fuzzy inside.”

Ob Nixilis, Unshackled – 4 (colorless) 2 (black)

Legendary Creature – Demon (Core 2015)

Flying, trample

Whenever an opponent searches his or her library, that player sacrifices a creature and loses 10 life.

Whenever another creature dies, put a +1/+1 counter on Ob Nixilis, Unshackled.

Nighthowler – 1 (colorless) 2 (black)

Enchantment Creature – Horror (Theros)

Bestow 2 (colorless) 2 (black) If you cast this card for its bestow cost, it’s an Aura spell with enchant creature. It becomes a creature again if it’s not attached to a creature.)

Nighthowler and enchanted creature each get +X/+X, where X is the number of creature cards in all graveyards.

Nils Hamm

Master of the Feast – 1 (colorless) 2 (black)

Enchantment Creature – Demon – (Journey into Nyx)

Flying

At the beginning of your upkeep, each opponent draws a card.

“Any pleasure, when taken to excess, becomes torment. It’s a formula that demons have perfected.”

Lord of the Unreal – 2 (blue)

Creature – Human Wizard – (Core 2012)

Illusion creatures you control get +1/+1 and have hexproof. (They can’t be the targets of spells or abilities your opponents control.)

“The dream does not end until I say so.”

Jason Chan

Lifebane Zombie – 1 (colorless) 2 (black)

Creature – Zombie Warrior – (Core 2014)

Intimidate (This creature can’t be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or creatures that share a color with it.)

When Lifebane Zombie enters the battlefield, target opponent reveals his or her hand. You choose a green or white creature card from it and exile that card.

Min Yum

3/1

Kruphix, God of Horizons – 3 (colorless) 1 (green) 1 (blue) Legendary Enchantment Creature – God – (Journey into Nyx) Indestructible. As long as your devotion to green and blue is less than seven, Kruphix isn’t a creature. You have no maximum hand size. If unused mana would empty from your mana pool, that mana becomes colorless instead. Daarken (TM) & (copyright) 2014 Wizards of the Coast 152/165 4/7